Quadrature Encoder

One of the essential things an autonomous rover must have (which mine didn't had) is one or more quadrature encoders. In fact even some non-autonomous vehicles have these devices. Most regular cars these days feature this type of sensor as part of the ABS system (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system). Very reliable and high-resolution sensors can be found in these (featuring 90 steps or more).

For this autonomous rover I found that 16 steps would be the bare minimum, and easy to implement with common components.

As I didn't want to modify the RC car itself (drill holes, cut parts, etc), I looked for a solution that would minimize the impact on the car. As such I found that a good option would be to use the inner ring of the wheel as a surface for sticking an encoder band. This band has 16 steps, and looks like this:

Now remotely controlled via IP

After some hobby time spenditure, the result meets the expectations. While it is a functional and simple (and a good fallback solution), controlling the car via a regular RC radio is not the most interesting scenario. Having a device that is mostly digital, being controlled by an analog receiver isn't quite the nicest thing one would want to showcase. With that in mind, and taking into account that all the necessary hardware was already there and working, I have decided to take a little bit of time implementing the necessary components to be able to control the car from a remote peer in a wifi network. As such all I had was to:

Booster circuitry up and running

Running digital equipment has the drawback of requiring tight voltage ranges in order to operate. In the case of my robot, I had the need for powering the Fonera 2100 from a pack of 4 AA batteries. While the batteries can deliver 4.8 Volts once fully charged (which is barely sufficient to power this wireless appliance directly), once the voltage drops further, the Fonera ceasses to operate. In this situation the batteries still have remaining energy that is not possible to use.